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Making Bitmaps from Vector Fields:
avf2ppm
The avf2ppm utility converts a
collection of vector field files (e.g., .omf, .ohf) into color
bitmaps suitable for inclusion into documents or collating into movies.
The command line arguments control filename and format selection, while
plain-text configuration files, modeled after the
mmDisp configuration dialog
box, specify conversion parameters.
Launching
The avf2ppm launch command is:
tclsh oommf.tcl avf2ppm [standard options] [-config file] [-f] \
[-filter program] [-format <P3|P6|B24>] [-ipat pattern] \
[-opatexp regexp] [-opatsub sub] [-v level] [infile ...]
where
- -config file
- User configuration file that specifies the image conversion
parameters. This file is discussed in detail below.
- -f
- Force overwriting of existing (output) files. By default, if
avf2ppm tries to create a file, say foo.ppm, that already
exists, it generates instead a new name of the form foo.ppm-000,
or foo.ppm-001, ..., or foo.ppm-999, that doesn't exist
and writes to that instead. The -f flag disallows alternate
filename generation, and overwrites foo.ppm instead.
- -filter program
- Post-processing application to run on each app2ppm output
file. May be a pipeline of many programs.
- -format <P3|P6|B24>
- Specify the output image file format. Currently supported formats are
the true color Portable Pixmap (PPM) formats P3
(ASCII text) and P6 (binary), and the uncompressed BMP
24 bits-per-pixel format. The default is P6.
- -ipat pattern
- Specify input files using a pattern including ``glob-style'' wildcards.
Mostly useful in DOS.
- -opatexp regexp
- Specify the ``regular expression''
applied to input filenames to determine portion to be replaced in
generation of output filenames.
Default:
(\.[^.]?[^.]?[^.]?$|$)
- -opatsub sub
- The string with which to replace the portion of input filenames
matched by the -opatsub during output filename generation.
The default is
.ppm
for type P3 and P6 file output,
.bmp
for B24 file output.
- -v level
- Verbosity (informational message) level, with 0 generating only
error messages, and larger numbers generating additional information.
The level value is an integer, defaulting to 1.
- infile ...
- List of input files to process.
Note that by default avf2ppm is run with the standard option
-tk 0. This means
avf2ppm will not use or initialize Tk.
Tk is only needed to convert background color requests
(see misc,background
in the configuration file discussion below)
from symbolic form to hexadecimal representation
(#RRGGBB). If the background color is not specified using the
hexadecimal format, then Tk is needed, and avf2ppm must be
run with -tk 1.
The file specification options require some explanation. Input files
may be specified either by an explicit list (infile ...),
or by giving a wildcard pattern, e.g., -ipat *.omf, which is
expanded in the usual way by avf2ppm (using the Tcl command
glob). Unix shells (sh, csh, etc.) automatically expand
wildcards before handing control over to the invoked application, so the
-ipat option is not needed (although it is useful in case of a
``command-line too long'' error). DOS does not do this expansion, so
you must use -ipat to get
wildcard expansion in Windows.
As each input file is processed, a name for the output file is produced
from the input filename by rules determined by handing the
-opatexp and -opatsub expressions to the Tcl regsub command. Refer to the Tcl regsub documentation for
details, but essentially whatever portion of the input filename is
matched by the -opatexp expression is removed and replaced by
the -opatsub string. The default -opatexp expression
matches against any filename extension of up to 3 characters, and the
default -opatsub string replaces this with the extension
either .ppm or .bmp.
If you have command line image processing ``filter'' programs, e.g.,
ppmtogif (part of the
NetPBM package), then you can use the -filter
option to pipe the output of avf2ppm through that filter before it
is written to the output file specified by the -opat*
expressions. If the processing changes the format of the file, (e.g.,
ppmtogif converts from PPM to
GIF), then you will likely want to specify a
-opatsub different from the default.
Here is an example that processes all input files with the .omf
extension, sending the output through ppmtogif before saving the
results in a files with the extension .gif:
tclsh oommf.tcl avf2ppm -ipat *.omf -opatsub .gif -filter ppmtogif
(On Unix, either drop the -ipat flag, or use quotes to protect
the input file specification string from expansion by the shell, as in
-ipat '*.omf'.) You may also pipe together multiple filters, e.g.,
-filter 'ppmquant 256 | ppmtogif'.
Configuration files
The details of the conversion process are specified by plain-text
configuration files, with fields analogous to the entries in the
mmDisp configuration dialog
box. Each of the parameters is an element in an array named
plot_config. The default values for this array are taken from the
default configuration file
oommf/app/mmdisp/scripts/avf2ppm.def,
which is a Tcl script read during avf2ppm initialization.
The sample default configuration script can be used as
a starting point for user (per-run) configuration files. Refer to
this sample file and the mmDisp documentation as we discuss each element of the
array plot_config. (See the Tcl documentation for details of
the array set command.)
- colormaps
- A list of valid colormaps known to the program. This
entry is not user-configurable, and should not appear in user
configuration files.
- arrow,status
- Set to 1 to display arrows, 0 to not draw arrows.
- arrow,colormap
- Select the colormap to use when drawing arrows. Should be one of the
strings specified in the colormaps array element.
- arrow,colorcount
- Number of discretization levels to use
from the colormap. A value of zero will color all arrows with the
first color in the colormap.
- arrow,quantity
- Scalar quantity the arrow color is to represent.
Supported values include x, y, and z. The
mmDisp configuration dialog box will
present the complete list of allowed quantities (which may be image
dependent).
- arrow,autosample
- If 1, then ignore the value of arrow,subsample and
automatically determine a ``reasonable'' subsampling rate for the
arrows. Set to 0 to turn off this feature.
- arrow,subsample
- If arrow,autosample is 0, then subsample the input vectors at this
rate when drawing arrows. A value of 0 for arrow,subsample is
interpreted specially to display all data.
- arrow,size
- Size of the arrows relative to the default size (represented as 1.0).
- arrow,antialias
- If 1, then each pixel along the edge of an arrow is
drawn not with the color of the arrow, but with a mixture of the arrow
color and the background color. This makes arrow boundaries appear
less jagged, but increases computation time. Also, the colors used in
the anti-aliased pixels are not drawn from the arrow or pixel colormap
discretizations, so color allocation in the output bitmap may increase
dramatically.
- pixel,...
- Each pixel configuration element has interpretation analogous to the
corresponding array configuration element, except that there is no
pixel,antialias element, and the auto subsampling rate for pixels
is considerably denser than for arrows.
- misc,background
- Specify the background color, using the hexadecimal format #RRGGBB
(for example, #ffff00 is yellow), or, when -tk 1 is active,
using any of the forms recognized by the
Tk routine Tk_GetColor, including symbolic
names such as white, black, green.
- misc,drawboundary
- If 1, then draw the bounding polygon, if any, as
specified in the input vector field format file.
- misc,margin
- The size of the border margin, in pixels.
- misc,width, misc,height
- Maximum width and height of the output bitmap, in pixels. If
misc,crop is enabled, then one or both of these dimensions may be
shortened.
- misc,crop
- If disabled (0), then any leftover space in the bitmap (of dimensions
misc,width by misc,height) after packing the image are filled
with the background color. If enabled (1), then the bitmap is cropped
to just include the image (with the margin specified by
misc,margin). NOTE: Some movie formats require that
bitmap dimensions be multiples of 8 or 16. For such purposes, you
should disable misc,crop and specify appropriate dimensions
directly with misc,width and misc,height.
- misc,zoom
- Scaling factor for the display. This is the same value as shown in the
``zoom'' box in the mmDisp control bar,
and corresponds roughly to the number of pixels per vector in the
(original, fully-sampled) vector field. If set to zero, then
avf2ppm will automatically set the scaling so the image (with
margins) just fits inside the area specified by misc,width and
misc,height.
- misc,rotation
- Rotation in degrees; either 0, 90, 180 or 270.
array set plot_config {
colormaps { Red-Black-Blue Blue-White-Red Teal-White-Red \
Black-Gray-White White-Green-Black Red-Green-Blue-Red }
arrow,status 1
arrow,colormap Black-Gray-White
arrow,colorcount 0
arrow,quantity z
arrow,autosample 1
arrow,subsample 10
arrow,size 1
arrow,antialias 1
pixel,status 1
pixel,colormap Teal-White-Red
pixel,colorcount 225
pixel,quantity x
pixel,autosample 1
pixel,subsample 2
pixel,size 1
misc,background #FFFFFF
misc,drawboundary 1
misc,margin 10
misc,width 640
misc,height 480
misc,crop 1
misc,zoom 0
misc,rotation 0
}
Figure 1:
Sample default configuration
script
avf2ppm.def.
(Description.)
User (per-run) configuration files are specified on the command line
with the -config option. To create a user configuration file,
make a copy of the default avf2ppm.def configuration file, and edit
it as desired in a plain text editor. You may omit any entries that you
do not want to change from the default. (Each entry consists of a name
+ value pair, e.g., misc,width 640.) You may ``layer''
configuration files by specifying multiple user configuration files on
the command line. These are processed from left to right, with the last
value set for each entry taking precedence.
OOMMF Documentation Team
January 22, 2001